Annotated Bibliography On Import Java - 1531 Words

import java.util.Scanner; import java.util.Random; public class PigDiceGameTwoVariation { public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub String input; Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); Random rand = new Random(); /********************************************************** * Program : Pig Dice Game Assignment * Author : Brandee Combden * Due Date : Wednesday, September 21st, 2016. * Description : Basic Two-Dice Pig, two players for each game. ***********************************************************/ String gameoption; int game; // Title Game Options System.out.print(Welcome to Pig! One of the simplest dice games known to man. ); System.out.println( What variation would you like to play?); System.out.println(Basic Pig - 1 Two Dice Pig - 2); gameoption = scan.nextLine(); game = Integer.parseInt(gameoption); // Die int die; die = rand.nextInt(6) + 1; // Roll String roll; // Player 1 Points int points1; points1 = 0; // Player 2 Points int points2; points2 = 0; // Player ID int player; player = 1; // Round Counter int round; round = 1; // Round Points Counter int roundpoint; roundpoint = 0; // Roll Again or Hold String again; again = ; // Doubles ID **For Two-Dice Pig String doubles; if (game == 1){ //************************************BASIC***************************************//Show MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On Import Java1518 Words   |  7 Pagesimport java.io.*; import java.util.Random; import java.util.Scanner; public class Processor { // Register variables static int IR, AC, X, Y, timer; static int PC = 0; static int SP = 1000; static int instructionCount = 0; static int userStack = 1000; static int systemStack = 2000; // turns to false on interrupts static boolean userMode = true; // avoid nested interrupt execution static boolean interrupt = false; public static void main(String args[]) { String file = null; //Read MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Import Java726 Words   |  3 Pages /*package adsa;*/ /** * * @author GOPIKRISHN */ import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Random; import java.util.Set; import java.util.InputMismatchException; public class AdjListGraph { private int distances[]; private int nodes; public static final int MAX_VALUE = 999; private SetInteger visited; private SetInteger unvisited; private int adjacencyMatrix[][]; public AdjListGraph(int nodes) //Constructor { Read MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Import Java735 Words   |  3 Pagesimport java.awt.*; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.File; import java.util.Scanner; public class DrawMaze { public static final Color WALL_COLOR = Color.RED; public static final Color START_COLOR = Color.BLUE; public static final Color PATH_COLOR = Color.BLACK; public static final Color END_COLOR = Color.ORANGE; public static final Color BACKGROUND = new Color(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f); // Width of border in pixels public static int borderwidth = 40; //Read MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Import Java708 Words   |  3 Pages// to play, just run the program import java.applet.Applet; import java.applet.AudioClip; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.util.Scanner; import javax.sound.sampled.AudioInputStream; import javax.sound.sampled.AudioSystem; import javax.sound.sampled.Clip; public class TTT { public static Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); public static void reset(char[][] board) { for (int i = 0; i board.length; i++) for (int j = 0; j board[0].length;Read MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Import Java719 Words   |  3 Pagesimport java.io.*; import java.util.*; import java.net.*; public class FTPClient { public Socket sock = null; public BufferedReader read; public BufferedWriter write; public ServerSocket ss; public int byteTransfered; public Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); // Check client connect to server public boolean connected = false; public boolean exit = false; String response = null; // run the main code here public static void main(String args[]) { FTPClient c= new FTPClient();Read MoreBanana Used as Fertilizer11002 Words   |  45 Pagesreview on banana diseases in 1935 has resulted in a really useful chapter, whereas any attempt to cover a wider range in forty pages must have led to a treatment too superficial to be worth while. For the pests, on which no monograph exists, an annotated list is given of 182 species and five are selected for fuller treatment. In the last chapter the author returns to his special field and gives a concise but adequate summary of the aims, methods and results of banana breeding from its inception in

Prison and the War on Drugs Free Essays

UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX Prison and The War on Drugs Week One Assignment CJA 234 [Type the author name] 10/4/2011 ? Prison and the War on Drugs. The war on drugs has been implemented for more than 30 years. Currently, there are close to a half million persons imprisoned on drug charges in this country. We will write a custom essay sample on Prison and the War on Drugs or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is a tenfold increase over the 50,000 in 1980. (jrank. org, 2011) In the past few years, close to $40 billion has been spent annually fighting the war on drugs. As a result of the drastic increase in drug-related arrests and convictions, the United States currently has the largest prison system in the world. The majority of these are nonviolent criminals. The estimated prison population is around nine million. The United S accounts for approximately a fourth of this number. â€Å"With an incarceration rate of 724 per 100,000 inhabitants, the United States is the unchallenged world leader in both raw numbers and imprisonment per capita In terms of raw numbers, only China, with almost four times the population of the US, comes close with about 1. 5 million prisoners. Our closer competitors in incarceration rates are Russia (638 per 100,000) and Belarus (554)†, according to the British government’s World Prison Population report (National Archives, 2003). Currently, the majority of police departments have paramilitary units, or SWAT teams, many of which have received their training from military instructors. One of the main duties of these teams is to carry out drug-related search warrants. Many of these are what are called ‘no-knock’ entries, which means the officers are authorized to enter the premises to be searched without any warning to the occupants. This is so the suspects do not have time to either flee or hide or destroy any evidence. The sudden increase of drug-related arrests and convictions is one of the main causes of the current prison overcrowding situation. The overcrowding makes it very difficult for the prison staff to handle the inmates and causes some of the conditions for inmates to be less than optimal. Although the incarceration rates for crimes such as murder, robbery, and burglary have remained steady during this time, the rates for drug-related crimes have steadily risen. Currently, more than half of the prisoners in federal prison federal are there because of drug possession or drug use. This has caused the federal prison system to be much overloaded. State prisons are overcrowded as well, but because many drug charges are federal offenses, they are not affected as much. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, people sentenced for drug crimes accounted for 21% of state prisoners and 55% of all federal prisoners (Stop The Drug War. org, 2005). Since the war on drugs started in the 1980’s, many of the inmates in the prison system are on violent drug users or small time traffickers who pose little danger to the community. Most of these inmates could benefit more from treatment and rehabilitation programs rather than incarceration. Although most prisons today have these sorts of programs, it is much more financially logical to have them attend these programs without needing to pay to house them at the same time. The state of Arizona has adopted a policy in which all addicted offenders from prisons to probation. This is the result of a referendum labeled the Drug Medicalization, Prevention and Control Act, which was approved by voters by a 65 to 35 percent margin (National Archives, 2003). An appeals court judge has pointed out that compared to the typical Arizona offender who now gets probation and treatment, â€Å"the same guy in the Federal system is going to get a mandatory five-year sentence† (Wren, 1999). This action has reduced the number of inmates and increased the number of drug offenders receiving treatment. Although Arizona is the only state that has an automatic diversion system, other states have started using drug courts. These divert nonviolent drug offenders into community-based treatment programs. Several states are also instituting early release programs for nonviolent offenders. A popular program, which has proved to be very effective, is shock incarceration, commonly known as Boot Camp. The inmates are subjected to a regimen very similar to military basic training. The combination of physical exercise along with education, and strict discipline as proved to have a higher success rate than other programs in the past. I believe that the war on drugs has resulted in more people being arrested and convicted on drug-related charges, but has not really done much to reduce the actual number of drug offenders. Merely incarcerating them is not the solution. I believe that diversion and intensive treatment and rehabilitation programs will go a lot farther that simply locking the offender s up. Without education and reconditioning, they will just go right back out and resume their former lifestyles and activities. Another factor is that while many of those convicted of drug-related offenses are nonviolent and often first time offenders, the same cannot be said of the other inmates they will be exposed to and influenced by during their incarceration. They may come out of prison in a worse state than when they entered it in that respect. In my opinion, intensive rehabilitation, treatment and supervision programs will have a much better, long lasting effect than incarceration for these types of offenders. References JRank. org, Prisons: Problems and Prospects – Prisons And The War On Drugs. , (2011). Retrieved from: http://law. jrank. rg/pages/1809/Prisons-Problems-Prospects-Prisons-war-on-drugs. html#ixzz1d4GEsfNO National Archives, World Prison Population List, fourth edition, (2003). Retrieved from: http://webarchive. nationalarchives. gov. uk/20110218135832/http://rds. homeoffice. gov. uk/rds/pdfs2/r188. pdf Stop The Drug War. org, Drug War Prisoner Count Over Half a Million, US Prison Population at All-Time High, (2005). Retrieved from: http://stopthedrugwar. org/chronicle-old/409/toohigh. shtml Wren, Christopher S. â€Å"Arizona Finds Cost Savings in Treating Drug Offenders: Probation Program, not Prisons, for Addicts. † New York Times, 21 April 1999. How to cite Prison and the War on Drugs, Essays

Social Issues of Yesterday and Today Essay Example For Students

Social Issues of Yesterday and Today Essay Social Issues of Yesterday and Today Essay Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend or oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty, (John Fitzgerald Kennedy). The problems and social issues of our nation years ago have become the problems of today. John Fitzgerald Kennedy became the thirty-fifth president of the United States of America on January 20, 1961. Over thirty-five years later, the problems addressed in his Inaugural Speech are still important social issues of this age. One of the most important social issues expressed in this speech was freedom; the freedom of people from the oppression of Communism. John F. Kennedy made a promise to support any friend or oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. He believed that he had been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. But he knew that he was just the starting point, and it would take many generations to undo the oppression of Communism and the damage that it would cause globally. The predictions that were made in his speech were true; he was the beginning of the ending, and it took over thirty years of cold war to put an end to the greatest Communist nation in the world: the USSR. Although the surmise of the USSR has become history, communism is still alive and well today. The Peoples Republic of China is probably the largest of the few communist nations left in the world. Since the times of J.F.K. the United States has developed political tactics to fight the spread of communism rather that the use of war, such as that of Vietnam. The most common political tactics used are trade embargoes. A trade Embargo will not allow a nation or country to sell or trade certain products, or place a high tax on them so that the general consumer will not want to purchase that particular product. Because of trade embargos we are able to force other nations into submission without the use of force (war). John F. Kennedy also addressed the problem of poverty, not just with our nation, but as a global problem. This issue has been addressed in the past it is being addressed now and, it will be addressed in the future. The problem of poverty is a serious issue in our present generation. Good jobs are hard to find, which means that most of the jobs available are low paying, and that put a lot of people below the poverty line. Another problem associated with poverty is that some people are just lazy. They dont want to work, and why should they when the government will just pay their way? If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich (JFK). John Fitzgerald Kennedy indicated many social issues and problems, which needed to be dealt with not only by the government, but by the people as well. He had a vision for America and the world. John F. Kennedy knew that it would take a nation that was united for the common cause of world well being, so he made this call to action. Ask not what your county can do for youask what you can do for your countryAsk not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man. Introduction Strategy: Use a quotation Conclusion Strategy: Make a call to action, Close with a statement or quotation readers will remember .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400 , .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400 .postImageUrl , .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400 , .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400:hover , .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400:visited , .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400:active { border:0!important; } .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400:active , .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400 .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5d950cc5cc289cc6fdfbdfba5c321400:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Farts farts EssaySocial Issues .

Saturation strategy Essay Example

Saturation strategy Paper Michael Bergdahl (2004) had mentioned that focusing on providing the right products and outstanding customer service to your targeted customer is really the key to the retail ballgame. All associates work for the customers who buy our merchandise. In fact, the customers can fire everybody in our company. And they can do it by simply spending their money somewhere else. The greatest measure of our success is how well we please the customer, Our Boss. Sam Walton, Founder of Wal-Mart  Sam had a famous saying: Please show your customers the eight teeth.In Sam seems only a smile to reveal the extent of eight teeth, can be called a qualified service with a smile. Sam also taught staff: When customers come from within 10 feet of you, you have to look at the customers eyes and gently encourage him to give you advice and help.This one is summarized as ten feet attitude, Wal-Mart employees as guidelines. (Wal-Mart: No secret to success, 2002) Wal-Marts customer first principle is famous, it is well known two provisions: the first article: customer is always right; the second provides that: If the customer is just wrong, please refer to the first! More distinctive, Wal-Marts customer relationship philosophy is the customer is the employees Boss. (Rahman, 2008)  A happy environment for customers in Wal-Mart can be regarded as a marketing perspective strategy which works on the customers philosophy.  Matt Haig said that the ultimate key to Wal-Marts success is scale. Wal-Mart is usually double and sometimes triples the size of its competitors stores. This enables Wal-Mart to buy products in very great bulk, and therefore make the prices per item cheaper. The big stores equal big discounts from suppliers equal low prices for customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Saturation strategy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Saturation strategy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Saturation strategy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Wal-Marts market saturation strategy is beat one of the business strategy. The so-called market saturation strategy, that is, within a certain time and certain to quickly layout to maximize the number of stores, quickly saturated the market; do not leave any chance to the opponent. Wal-Marts approach is to each place to intervals of 20 miles or so, Wal-Mart stores full of dense, so that to the retail market becomes saturated. This will prevent foreign companies to enter, but also give full play to the efficiency of distribution centers, reducing picking costs (Pharmacy business strategy: to Wal-Mart school of business management pharmacy, medicine, medicine pharmaceutical industry, nd). Moreover, Wal-Mart goes to global to expend its scale. Wal-Mart began operations in the worlds most populous nation in 1996, opening a Wal-Mart Supercenter and a Sams Club (John Yunker, 2002, p 551). Since 1991, Wal-Mart from the United States to expand overseas, has been vigorously promote globalization. In 1993, Wal-Mart the number of overseas stores only 1% of all stores by the year 2000 has grown to 25%, two years after and increased to 27%. From 1996 to 2000, the companys sales grew 27% in overseas business. Even if the global economic downturn in 2001 and 2002, the company operating overseas sales to 17% contribution. (Wal-Marts Globalization and Localization, 2003) Now, Wal-Mart which 25% of its stores are located outside the United States, yet were in only nine countries, and Wal-Mart, like most major companies, is just getting started (John Yunker, 2002, p 551). As globalization is now a not reversible trend, Wal-Mart goes to global scale is a wise investment for its long term success.  Conclusion  Wal-Mart now is the biggest retailer in the world, the success factor as a marketing perspective strategy includes the price, products, promotion, service, scale.  Although Wal-Mart has met problems such as at the beginning of globalization, (In the late 1990s, Wal-Mart decided to open stores in Germany as part of their strategic growth initiative, however it failed because of the different culture (Kyle Lundby, Allen I. Kraut, 2008, p 564).), it came over, which I think is the most important factor for Wal-Marts success. Discuss the management actions you would suggest to Wal-Mart in order for the company to operate more effectively and efficiently.  As we know planning is a process that managers use to identify and select appropriate goals and courses of action. There are three steps in planning process: deciding which goals the organization will pursue; deciding what courses of action to adopt to attain those goals; deciding how to allocate organizational resources to attain to those goals (Golding, N, 2009). As one of the worlds largest retailer, Wal-Mart has grown to be an immense success among American consumers. In order to operate the company more effectively and efficiently, Wal-Mart should do more works on their planning. Firstly, based on the mission of Wal-Mart which is to offer low prices than other retailers with high quality and maximize returns for the benefits of its shareholders and employees, managers should make more strategies to improve on the sides of the quality of their selling products and the returns for the benefits of its shareholders and employees. On the side of high quality of selling products, Wal-Mart should purchase the high quality products from the suppliers. Nowadays, more and more customers like to purchase things in the international chain stores. They think the international chain stores have higher quality guarantee. So Wal-Mart should not only focus on the low prices, they also should guarantee the quality. Wal-Mart should introduce some goods and services that other retailers do not have. Like the retailer Tesco in the world, they provide many goods and services that other retailers do not have; they now have many supermarkets in the world. Secondly, Wal-Mart should do more planning on the management of change. There are some problems such as people, structure, or technology in the organization. Then, managers should plan any alterations in them. Depending on the strategies, it requires the use of different structures because a differentiation strategy needs an organic structure for better control. However, after the managers develop the plans, they should do more works on coordinating the activities. Wal-Mart manager can hold some meetings to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these plans. The workers should be done carefully because they are the last step to act the plans. With these jobs dome, the managers of War-Mart managers can bring into effect.  These management actions with good planning could be strategically utilized or adopted by Wal-Mart so as to improve the operations of the company.

Lasers Essays - Laser Science, Gas Lasers, Laser, Photonics

Lasers Essays - Laser Science, Gas Lasers, Laser, Photonics Lasers The light from lasers differs from ordinary light in several important aspects. Ordinary light from a light bulb travels randomly in all directions (unless the bulb is equipped with an integral reflector that directs the light). The light is thus incoherent. Even when incoherent light is directed with a reflector, it still spreads rapidly. The light from a laser is temporary and spatially coherent. This means that all of the wave-fronts of light are lined up in time and space (see Diagrams). The waves of light go up and down in sync, and travel in the same direction. Coherent light spreads less than other types of light. For example the beam of a tightly focused flashlight would spread between 2 degrees and 5 degrees over a 3 meter (10 ft) throw distance. The sides of a laser beam are almost parallel but the light still spreads slightly. This spread is called divergence and is measured in milliradians (mrad). If a laser has a specified divergence of 5 mrad, then in the above example with a 3 meter throw (10 ft), a laser beam will spread only about 3/20 of a degree. This is a simplified explanation of the process of stimulated emission. If you are interested in more detailed information about this subject, you should consult a science or physics book. Let us take the HeNe laser as an example. If a glass tube were filled with a mixture of helium and neon gas; and an electrical current were applied to the electrodes, the gas would emit light energy. This glowing gas is referred to as a plasma. You are already familiar with this glowing gas in the form of the neon signs you see at your favourite restaurants. We now have a neon tube but not a laser so let's take a closer look at how the laser's light is produced. Under normal conditions the electrons in a gas atom orbit at a fixed distance and pattern around the nucleus; this is the ground state or most stable configuration of the atom. When an electrical charge travels through the gas in the tube (energy is pumped into the gas), it excites or stimulates the atoms. Some of the electrons absorb this energy by jumping up to the next stable orbit. This configuration is unstable. The electron wants to return to its regular orbit, the ground state. As the excited (stimulated) atoms in the gas relax back to the ground state, some of the energy that excited the electron(s) is emitted (released) in the form of random photons of light This is called spontaneous emission. This is how a neon sign (or other gas discharge light such as a mercury vapour lamp) produces light. The photons travel rapidly in all directions. They are visible along the length of the neon tube or radiate outward from the light source. The spontaneous emission is not enough to cause lasing action. Lasers are very different from neon tubes in that they amplify the glowing effect via stimulated emission. Stimulated emission can only occur when there is a "population inversion" in the energy state of the lasing medium (in this case gas). Laser tubes are designed in a long narrow configuration with a central bore. At either end of the bore there are mirrors. These mirrors must be held in precise alignment for the laser to work properly. In most HeNe lasers the mirrors are permanently attached or sealed onto the ends of the tube sometimes referred to as hard seal technology. In higher power lasers the mirrors are usually not mounted on the ends of the tube itself, but on an external resonator that forms part of the laser frame. This allows for changing the mirror optics or adding a littrow prism if a specific output wavelength (colour) is required. The mirrors must be perfectly aligned so that the emissions from the gas in the tube will be amplified. Some of the photons of light randomly emitted by the relaxing gas atoms will be travelling parallel to the bore (centre) of the laser tube. These photons will strike the mirror at the end of the tube and will be reflected back through

An Overview of Biomes and Climate

An Overview of Biomes and Climate Geography is interested in how people and cultures relate to the physical environment. The largest environment of which we are part is the biosphere. The biosphere is the part of the earths surface and its atmosphere where organisms exist. It has also been described as the life-supporting layer that surrounds the Earth. The biosphere we live in is made up of biomes. A biome is a large geographical region where certain types of plants and animals thrive. Each biome has a unique set of environmental conditions and plants and animals that have adapted to those conditions. The major land biomes have names like tropical rainforest, grasslands, desert, temperate deciduous forest, taiga (also called coniferous or boreal forest), and tundra. Climate and Biomes The differences in these biomes can be traced to differences in climate and where they are located in relation to the Equator. Global temperatures vary with the angle at which the suns rays strike the different parts of the Earths curved surface. Because the suns rays hit the Earth at different angles at different latitudes, not all places on Earth receive the same amount of sunlight. These differences in the amount of sunlight cause differences in temperature. Biomes located in the high latitudes (60Â ° to 90Â °) farthest from the Equator (taiga and tundra) receive the least amount of sunlight and have lower temperatures. Biomes located at middle latitudes (30Â ° to 60Â °) between the poles and the Equator (temperate deciduous forest, temperate grasslands, and cold deserts) receive more sunlight and have moderate temperatures. At the low latitudes (0Â ° to 23Â °) of the Tropics, the suns rays strike the Earth most directly. As a result, the biomes located there (tropical rainforest, tropical grassland, and the warm desert) receive the most sunlight and have the highest temperatures. Another notable difference between biomes is the amount of precipitation. In the low latitudes, the air is warm, due to the amount of direct sunlight, and moist, due to evaporation from warm sea waters and ocean currents. Storms produce so much rain that the tropical rain forest receives 200 inches per year, while the tundra, located at a much higher latitude, is much colder and dryer, and receives just ten inches. Soil moisture, soil nutrients, and length of growing season also affect what kinds of plants can grow in a place and what kinds of organisms the biome can sustain. Along with temperature and precipitation, these are factors that distinguish one biome from another and influence the dominant types of vegetation and animals that have adapted to a biomes unique characteristics. As a result, different biomes have different kinds and quantities of plants and animals, which scientists refer to as biodiversity. Biomes with greater kinds or quantities of plants and animals are said to have high biodiversity. Biomes like the temperate deciduous forest and grasslands have better conditions for plant growth. Ideal conditions for biodiversity include moderate to abundant precipitation, sunlight, warmth, nutrient-rich soil, and a long growing season. Because of the greater warmth, sunlight, and precipitation in the low latitudes, the tropical rainforest has greater numbers and kinds of plants and animals than any other biome. Low Biodiversity Biomes Biomes with low precipitation, extreme temperatures, short growing seasons, and poor soil have low biodiversity fewer kinds or amounts of plants and animals due to less than ideal growing conditions and harsh, extreme environments. Because desert biomes are inhospitable to most life, plant growth is slow and animal life is limited. Plants there are short and the burrowing, nocturnal animals are small in size. Of the three forest biomes, the taiga has the lowest biodiversity. Cold year-round with harsh winters, the taiga has low animal diversity. In the tundra, the growing season lasts a mere six to eight weeks, and plants there are few and small. Trees cant grow due to permafrost, where only the top few inches of the ground thaw during the short summer. The grasslands biomes are considered to have more biodiversity, but only grasses, wildflowers, and a few trees have adapted to its strong winds, seasonal droughts, and annual fires. While biomes with low biodiversity tend to be inhospitable to most life, the biome with the highest biodiversity is inhospitable to most human settlement. A particular biome and its biodiversity have both potential and limitations for human settlement and meeting human needs. Many of the important issues facing modern society are the consequences of the way humans, past and present, use and change biomes and how that has affected the biodiversity in them.

Acceptance in Business Contracts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Acceptance in Business Contracts - Assignment Example In business, contracts are considered to be quite vital as to preserve transparency in business dealings and also to bind the parties engaged in a legal contract to perform their responsibilities with efficiency. There are various elements to a business contract, which mainly involves an offer, an acceptance, a free mutual consent, a legal purpose, competent offeror(s) and offeree(s) and consideration of a value engaged in the contract to benefit the purpose of the contract (Marsh Parlin Law, 2012). The discussion henceforth will be focused on elaborating the element of acceptance in a business contract. Accordingly, the important factors of making a valid acceptance will also be explained in this paper. Due significance will also be rendered towards cases where the validity of an acceptance made in a contract were examined. Prior to discussing the significance of acceptance in a business contract, it is worth defining an offeror and an offeree. As per the English Contract Law, there must be at least two parties in an agreement, i.e. the party making the offer and the other accepting the offer. The party or parties engaged in making the offer are referred as offeror(s); while, the party or parties giving their mutual consent to the agreement is termed as offeree(s) or acceptor(s) (McGraw-Hill, 2013). It is in this context that even if the agreement is made on the basis of a valid offer, in case the acceptance is made under external pressure and is found to lack free consent from the offeree(s), the contract is quite likely to be termed as void. Therefore, it can be affirmed that it is essential to have a valid offer and a valid acceptance to make a contract legally approved. Absence of either of the elements shall result in a void contract. From a generalised perspective, acceptance can be referred as the act of free affirmation or acceptance made by the offeree(s) in lieu to the proposal given by the offeror(s). In other words, it is the manifestation of the full concern made by the offeree to be bound by the terms of the offer made. It is in this context that acceptance can be made through various forms, i.e. either through verbal agreement with documented acceptance of the offer, or through implied and non-verbal forms, making signs to convey the acceptance of the offer. In the case of a verbal acceptance, the offeree tends to depict his confirmation through a signature or through explicit verbal mode. Such mode of acceptance can be illustratively expla ined with reference to Brogden v Metropolitan Railway (1877) 2 App. Cas. 666. In this case, however, no signature or direct acceptance was made by the offeree (Brogden) to confirm the contractual conditions stated by the offeror (Metropolitan Railway). Correspondingly, no arguments were also made by the offeree in this context, deciphering their non-acceptance to the contract. Rather, the offeree continued abiding by the contractual terms, even though the contract did not have an explicitly communicated form of acceptance. When the case was reviewed in the court, the judgment delivered was of the view that the contract was a valid business agreement, as the offeree has deciphered acceptance by not making any counter arguments to the written contract forwarded by Metropolitan Railway (e-Lawresources, n.d.). In another case of Day Morris Associates v Voyce and another, a similar mode of acceptanc

Model building Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Model building - Term Paper Example The purpose of this model is to assess the claim and handle the situation appropriately. It involves investigation procedures to unearth the truth so as to make decisive and conclusive actions. The media and citizens’ claims have to be investigated to assess where they registered complaint and whoever was responsible. This calls for an investigation team to assist in the process. The model tries to give answers why the complaints are not heard. The model Purpose The purpose of the model is to study why residents’ complaints have not been heard. In order to get proper answers independent investigation must be done. Complaint handling procedures are specific to organizations, and each organization policies are unique. Public policy for complaint launching and handling is always very clear. The study would put into account how these complaints were registered. As a line area manager, assessment to ensure that the staff gives appropriate concerns in helping complaint handling, investigates and resolves complaints. Constraints Investigation consumes time and it is often costly. On this basis, the model structure must mirror cost effective one and involve a proper time frame within which the purpose of the study is achieved. Policy is clear on how the complaints should be registered for accountability. This leads to assessment on how the complaint was registered (Adorno, 2000).... Independently, this team ensures to retrieve the logs of complaints for the particular period claim is made. This would involve accessing systems without the aid of responsible staff to handle complaints. This is to make sure the investigation is reliable and accurate. The investigation process is to be done within two weeks. The findings are to be evaluated and recommendation given to various departments to facilitate proper actions. Complaint material published by an organization should include a statement of guarantee that a plaintiff will not be victimized or suffer from negative handling because they have made a complaint. In a public sector, the community should not be isolated because of the complaints they raised due to poor service delivered by public sector. Policy The complaint policy approach has to be reassessed to ensure that proper accountability is in place. The time frame stipulated to handle compliant and priority appended to complaints in regards to sensitivity. Co mplaint value assessment is essential, and during the investigation it must be considered so as to verify if complaints are treated according to policy stipulation. It is essential to understand the existing policies so as to gauge the complaint problem. The resident may be claiming that the complaints are not being handled yet policy implementation is in progress. Integration of complaint handling must be properly instituted into policy document. This is a sure way of enhancing accountability within organizations (Reif, & International Ombudsman Institute, 2004). Commitment and responsibility The model helps in analyzing the commitment of staff to

Marijuanas Pros and Cons Essay Example for Free

Marijuanas Pros and Cons Essay Have you ever wondered what marijuana can do to your body? Many people say marijuana is bad for the health. That it can cause long term effects. Some actually believe that marijuana can have positive effects, such those for medical use. After a long research this paper will talk about the positive and the negative results of marijuana. One argument for the legalization of marijuana is that itsn’t more harmful than alcohol or tobacco if it is used in moderation (Messari). There has been many much researches done showing that if the use the drug in moderation its not harmful at all. One of the researchers called CARDIA, proved that smoking one joint per day in an overall of 20 years can actually help lung function. The researchers dont know why light-to-moderate pot use might subtly improve lung function. It could be that marijuana users inadvertently train themselves to be good at the inhalation and exhalation test because they practice deep breathing when they smoke pot, Kertesz told LiveScience. The airflow increase, then, is not necessarily an indicator of healthier lungs (Wanjek). An argument for the legalization of marijuana is that according to many doctors marijuana has medical benefits, especially for cancer patients. Marijuana has been used for medical reasons since ancient times (edicine). Medical marijuana also offers relief to patients suffering from multiple Sclerosis, Glaucoma, Alzheimer’s, and breast Cancer (White). Marijuana is promoted to relieve pain, control nausea and vomiting, and stimulate appetite in people with cancer and AIDS. Researchers also report that Cannabis used in medical purpose decreases pressure within the eyes, therefore reducing the severity of glaucoma. Some supporters claim that marijuana has antibacterial properties, inhibits tumor growth, and enlarges the airways, which they believe can ease the severity of asthma attacks. Others claim that marijuana can be used to control seizures and muscle spasms in people who have epilepsy and spinal cord injuries (Zuardi). One argument against the legalization of marijuana is that according to many researchers and medical studies marijuana is often used as a stepping-stone drug. Many doctors say Children who have used marijuana are 85 times likelier to use cocaine than children who have not used marijuana (Glitter). According to Dr. Eric Voth Chairman, marijuana is a stepping-stone drug. Dr. Chairman points out in one of his interviews Yes it is, the medical literature documents this and IOM understates it. Alcohol, tobacco and marijuana all have serious primary effects but all serve as gateway drugs. (Wanjek) An argument against marijuana is, that there are lots of long term effects caused by the drug. Many studies have investigated whether long-term use of cannabis can cause or contribute to the development of illnesses, such as heart disease, bipolar disorder, depression, mood swings or schizophrenia (Ramstrom). A group of scientists in California examined the health status of 450 daily smokers of marijuana but not tobacco. They found that the marijuana smokers had more sick days and more doctor visits for respiratory problems and other types of illness than did a similar group who did not smoke either substance (Buddy). There are lots of adults who started in their teenage years, to smoke â€Å"weed†. Most of them by the age of 18 were already adicts. â€Å"I started using on a lark, a dare from a best friend who said that I was too chicken to smoke a joint and drink a quart of beer. I was fourteen at that time. After seven years of using and drinking I found myself at the end of the road with addiction. I was no longer using to feel euphoria, I was just using to feel some semblance of normality. â€Å"Then I started having negative feelings about myself and my own abilities. I hated the paranoia. 1 I hated looking over my shoulder all the time. I really hated not trusting my friends. I became so paranoid that I successfully drove everyone away and found myself in the terrible place no one wants to be in—I was alone. I’d wake up in the morning and start using and keep using throughout the day. † —Paul (Marijuana Facts) There is also long term effects for men such as fertility. Reproductive hormones are decreased. In men, there is less testosterone, causing decreased sperm counts and possible erectile dysfunction by use of the drug. In women, there may be irregular periods. Both problems would result in a decreased ability to conceive but not lead to complete infertility under the consume of marijuana(Short). There are many other effects of smoking marijuana, that this paper didn’t even talk about. Like the different ways marijuana can be used, to make fuel and paper. Or how it can make your no you brain slower, and kill many cell membranes. Its up to the people to decide what they choose to believe. For me, marijuana should be legalized. After all it has more benefits than negatives if its used correctly.

The Role of Autonomy and Responsibility Held by the Bourgeoisie during

The Role of Autonomy and Responsibility Held by the Bourgeoisie during the Industrial Revolution During the Industrial Revolution the population was broken up into two classes; the minority was the rich, industrial middle class, the bourgeoisie, and the majority was the poor working class, the proletariat. The bourgeoisie believed in their rights to gain wealth and preserve individuality and in their duty to maintain these rights, which in turn determined the harsh laboring and living conditions of the working class. The indignities forced upon the lower class also caused movements that challenged the bourgeoisie to alter their beliefs. These included the creation of Communism, the Christian Socialist Movement, utopian models, and other theoretic views. The demands for social reforms from these movements along with the demands from the proletariat and other influential members of society, forced the bourgeoisie to modify their views to include moral justifications for their actions. Classical economists invented these justifications. They claimed that low wages were necessary to ensure survival, that the proletariat took advantage of the bourgeosie members, and finally that the proletariat members were responsible for their poor state. The bourgeoisie maintained their rich lifestyle only through their exploitation of the lower class, the proletariat. This exploitation included poor working conditions, child labor, long hours, and low wages. The industrial bourgeoisie established factories in order to produce the most efficient products at the least expensive cost. These factories, especially mines, were extremely dangerous. Three hundred forty-nine deaths occurred just in the mines of England in 18... ... 4 Rogers 149. 5 Rogers 136. 6 Rogers 146. 7 Rogers 139. 8 Rogers 136. 9 Seed, John. "Capital and Class Formation in Early Industrial England" Social History v. 18 1993 p. 17-30. 10 Rogers 135. 11 Rogers 144. 12 Rogers 145. Bibliography - Rogers, Perry M. Aspects of Western Civilization: Problems and Sources in History Third Edition (Upper Saddle NJ: Prentice Hall, 1996), 138. - Seed, John. "Capital and Class Formation in Early Industrial England" Social History v.18 1993 p.17-30. This article provided a synopsis of T Koditschek's Class Formation and Urban Industrial Society: Bradford 1750-1850. It showed the roles autonomy and responsibility played in the industrialists' influence of the economic, political, and social spheres during this period and illustrated the class antagonism between capital and labor.

Report on Wateen Telecom

Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENT5 Introduction:7 History:7 Company share history:8 Telecom sector dynamics:8 Structure:9 Main office:9 Business nature:9 Total number of employees:9 Vision:10 Mission:10 Corporate Values:11 wateen telecom limited overview:11 Coverage:12 Hierarchy of Wateen telecom13 Management team:15 STEPLE analysis17 Political and Legal Factors:17 Economical and Environment Factors:18 Social Factors:19 Technological Factors:19 Ecological:20 PORTER FIVE FORCES20 Threat of New Entry:21 Bargaining Power of Buyers:21 Bargaining Power of Suppliers:22 Rivalry among Competing Firms in Industry:22 EXTERNAL FACTORS23 Opportunities:23 Threats:24 EXTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION MATRIX26 Strengths:27 Weaknesses:27 Internal Factor evolution Matrix (IFE Matrix)28 C. P. M- Competitor Profile Matrix29 The Space Matrix31 BCG MATRIX FOR WATEEN33 INTERNAL EXTERNAL MATRIX35 THE GRAND STRATEGY MATRIX36 QUANTITATIVE STRATEGIC PLANNING MATRIX39 Key success factors:41 Corporate culture:42 An organizational culture has following elements42 Organizational values:42 STRATEGIES UNDER TAKEN AT:44 At corporate level:44 At business unit level:44 Functional level strategies:45 MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES45 Decentralization:45 Management Information System46 HR Policies in Wateen telecom49 MARKET ANALYSIS55 Target Market:57 At what stage in the product life cycle is the market:58 Market trends:59 Product61 Price62 Promotion64 Distribution65 Competitive advantage:67 Financial analysis69 Liquidity ratios:69 Leverage ratios:70 Activity ratios:70 Profitability ratios:71 Control procedures71 Marketing control:71 Quality control:72 Human resource control:72 Finance control:73 Problem section74 Main problems according to the management:74 Main problems according our analysis:74 Recommendations75 Conclusion75 â€Å"When trouble touches a man, He cries unto Us, Lying down on his side, or sitting, or standing. But when we have solved his trouble, he â€Å"passes on† his way as if he had never cried to Us for a trouble that touched him! Thus do the deeds of transgressors Seem fair in their eyes! † [10:12, Al-Quran] ACKNOWLEDGMENT We are humbly thankful to Allah Almighty who has blessed us with time and will to think, judge and execute. We are thankful to our respected teacher â€Å"Prof. G. Ahmad Rana† who guided and groomed us through his insight of the subject and industry knowledge; to our parents and friends for their encouragement and support and to management of Wateen telecom for their support in completing this project, especially Mr. Rana Abdul wahab who has been thoroughly cooperative with us. Wateen Telecom (Pvt. ) Ltd. | | Type| Public Limited| Industry| Telecommunication| Founded| 2007| Founder(s)| Abu Dhabi Group| Headquarters| Lahore, Pakistan| Key people| Naeem Zamindar (CEO)| Products| Wimax, DVB-RCS, VSAT, Optical Fiber, HFC, GPON, VoIP| Owner(s)| Abu Dhabi Group| Employees| More than 2000| Parent| Abu Dhabi Group | Website| www. wateen. com| Introduction: Wateen Telecom is the Abu Dhabi Group's latest venture in Pakistan. After the successful launch of Warid Telecom in Pakistan, which has a subscriber base of over 10 million customers in 145 cities, Wateen Telecom has been set up to become the leading â€Å"Carrier's Carrier† providing services based on quality, reliability and affordability in the communication and media sector. Wateen is committed to bring Next Generation services to your doorstep†¦ today. History: Wateen Telecom is a part of Warid Telecom International LLC, an Abu Dhabi Group company led by His Highness Sheikh Nahayan Mabarak Al Nahayan. The group is one of the largest in the Middle East and has diversified business interests comprising oil and gas exploration, hospitality services, communications, banking, financial services, automobile industry and property development. The group has large investments and a strong presence in Pakistan. Owing to the significant patronage from the Abu Dhabi Group, Wateen Telecom, as part of the Warid Telecom International Group Company, benefits from an eminent portfolio of distinguished shareholders of Warid Telecom International L. L. C including: His Highness Sheikh Nahayan Mabarak Al Nahayan, Member of the Royal Family of Abu Dhabi, Minister for Higher Education and Chancellor of the UAE Universities| His Excellency Sheikh Suroor Bin Mohammed Al Nahayan, Chamberlain of the Royal Amiri Courts and Member of the Royal Family of Abu Dhabi| His Highness Sheikh Hamdan Bin Zayed Al Nahayan, Member of the Royal Family of Abu Dhabi, Deputy Prime Minister of UAE| His Excellency Sheikh Mohammad Bin Butti Hamid Al Hamid, Ruler Representative for the Western Region of the Emirate of   Abu Dhabi and Ex Chairman of Abu Dhabi Municipality and Town Planning| His Excellency Sheikh Saif Bin Muhammad Bin Butti Hamid Al Hamid| His Excellency Dr. Mana Saeed Al Otaiba, Advisor to the President of UAE and Ruler of Abu Dhabi (His Highness Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahayan) and Ex Oil Minister of UAE| Mr. Omar Ziad Jaafar Al Askari, Director United Bank Limited, Pakistan; President and CEO of United Technical Services, Abu Dhabi; President and CEO of United Eastern Investment Corporation; Director of Fruit of the Loom quoted on the New York Stock Exchange| M/S Electro Mechanical Company LLC, Representative of M/S Siemens in Abu Dhabi, UAE| Company share history: According to a notice issued by KSE, shares of Wateen were listed in the market starting from 8th of April. This is a provisional listing. The notice stated that the shares may get to the ready market starting from 27th May 2010. The opening rate was Rs. 10. Wateen has also offered its shares for the public subscription on 20 and 21 of April. The price per share was the same. Telecom sector dynamics: The overall teledensity in the country is 61. 9% as at Jan’10, where there are currently 95. 41 mn mobile subscribers with mobile penetration reaching 58. 2%. Total fixed line subscribers in Pakistan stand at 3. 5 mn yielding a teledensity of 2. 1%. Wireless (WLL) services are getting popular especially in rural areas and total subscribers of WLL stood at 2. 6 mn with 1. 6% teledensity as of Jan’10. The broadband industry has experienced healthy growth since last year showing subscriber growth of 55. 6% from June-09 to Dec-09. There are around 19 mn internet users which hold the potential to switch to more efficient broadband forhigh speed internet facility. Following table shows the subscribers’ growth in different telecom ; IT technologie Structure: The structure of the wateen is upper to downwards. Which move from Chief Executive Officer to onward. Main office: Wateen telecom (Pvt) ltd ADDRESS: NEW AURIGA COMPLEX, MAIN BOULEVARD, GULBERG II, LAHORE 53000 Business nature: They are doing purely the telecommunication business . The commercial launch of Wateen's mobile WiMAX services began with 22 major cities . Wateen uses MOTOwi4 WiMAX by Motorola. Other partners include Cisco, and Intel. Wateen is giving CPEi 600 & CPEi 300 to its indoor usage while CPEo400 for outdoor usage to its customers. Now offering its services on easily portable USB Dongles. Total number of employees: Wateen have more then 2000 employees in this short time period. Vision: To introduce Wateen Telecom in the European and North American markets and provide the leading telecommunications international voice services through a world-class cutting-edge network to deliver a broad range of reliable, affordable and quality customer-centric services. Mission: To provide affordable communication services that meets and exceeds customers' requirements To deliver high-quality, flexible and innovative solutions that are cost effective and conducive To provide complete customer satisfaction on time, every time Corporate Values: Simplicity: practical and easy to use Satisfaction: customer satisfaction is foremost Quality: Premier services; no compromises Innovation: Always at power to latest technology Honesty: practice what we preach: integrity, ethics and open communication | | wateen telecom limited overview: Wateen Telecom Limited was incorporated in Pakistan under the Companies Ordinance 1984, on 4 March 2005. Wateen’s successful four years of operations in the telecom industry of Pakistan speak for itself. Some of the business’s salient features are presented below: Wateen is the largest alternative LDI operator in Pakistan 1) Largest commercial and first nationwide 3. 5 GHz WiMAX network rollout in the world covering 22 cities and more than 1,100 sites (900 live). ) Largest operator of Satellite services in the country (c. 500+ MHz in use). 3) Wateen has one of the largest Optic Fiber network spanning over more than 10,000 km (including Government of Pakistan USF projects) across all the four provinces of Pakistan including metro connectivity in 22 cities. This network pr ovides the backbone for Wateen’s National Transmission Services. 4) Wateen with its Managed Capacity services (OFC ; VSAT) serves almost all the major GSM and telecommunication companies in Pakistan as well 86% of the Banking sector. 5) Wateen’s FTTx (for provision of Cable TV services) and Infotainment products are also being nurtured to ensure maximization of long term shareholder value. ) Sales performance has also been quite encouraging and consistent with over 20,000 monthly additions to the broadband internet and telephony subscriber base. 7) Sales growth rate has been far steeper compared to the industry average, evi-dent from the fact that Wateen enjoys over 60 percent share of the wireless broadband market. 8) Wateen recently closed the largest syndicate financing transaction for the year 2009 raising PKR 4. 7 billion from leading banks in the industry even in these challenging times showing the confidence of the market in Wateen’s business model and op erations. 9) Wateen also successfully closed one of the largest Islamic Financing deal in the same period. Coverage: Wateen is currently providing mainly outdoor and limited coverage in the following cities: Wateen is currently providing mainly outdoor and limited coverage in the following cities: * Abbottabad * Jhelum * R. Y. Khan * Bahawalpur * Karachi * Sahiwal | * D. I. Khan * Lahore * Sargodha * Faisalabad * Multan * Sheikhupura | * Gujranwala * Okara * Sialkot * Gujrat * Peshawar * Sukkur | * Hyderabad * Quetta * Islamabad * Rawalpindi| Hierarchy of Wateen telecom Mr. Bashir Tahir Chief Executive, Dhabi Group ; Advisor to HH Sheikh Nahayan Mabarak Al Nahayan Mr. Tahir is a prominent and revered corporate figure who has added tremendous value to the banking, communication and real estate sectors of Pakistan. He is a Member of the Board of Wateen Telecom, Board Member and CEO of Warid Telecom International LLC and CEO of the Abu Dhabi Group which has been a key proponent in attracting private money into Pakistan. He has been honored with the Sitara-e-Imtiaz in 2005 by the President of Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf, in recognition of his pivotal role in the field of banking and private equity in Pakista Management team Naeem Zamindar – Chief Executive Officer Mr. Zamindar brings an outstanding track record of building successful companies, spanning 20 years across USA and Pakistan. He is a founding team member of Mobilink, and was a key member of the leadership team that grew Mobilink to become the leading telecom company of Pakistan. As the VP of Strategy, Business Development and Program Management Office, he led the initiative of making Mobilink an integrated telecom company by enabling the nationwide fiber optic network and through the acquisition of four companies that now form the Broadband Business Division. In his last assignment at Mobilink as the Head of the Broadband Business Division, he was responsible for the successful launch of Mobilink Infinity. Recently he has been running Zamindar Capital, a consulting and investment firm that sspecialize in leveraging technology to leapfrog social and economic development. Mr. Zamindar’s track record of scaling successful companies like Mobilink, will certainly enable him to lead Wateen to the next level of growth and opportunity. He has also been an Investment Manager at Intel Capital in the Silicon Valley where he worked on 29 venture capital investments focused on building companies in the internet/new media and wireless broadband space. He is considered to be a leading thought leader in the Wimax world, being invited as the keynote speaker at many international wireless broadband conferences. He qualified as a CPA from the State of Washington and is an MBA from INSEAD. He is also a Charter Member of TiE (www. tie. org) and a co-author of the book – â€Å"The First Mile†. He spends his spare time volunteering as Chairman of the Art of Living Foundation and teaching people to live a morepeaceful and responsible life. Furqan Qureshi – Adviser to CEO Syed Jibran Ali – Chief Commercial Officer Sajjeed Aslam – Chief Financial Officer Aamir Anwar Khan – Chief Strategy Officer Ali Khan – General Manager Enterprise ; Carrier Sales Mian  Omer  Shah – General Manager Customer Service Zafar  Iqbal   – General Manager Human Resources ; Administration Muhammad Mazhar Qayyum Butt – General Manager Government Regulations ; Regulatory Affairs Amir Munsif Khan – General Manager Information Technology Naila Bhatti – General Manager Media Shoaib Nazir – Chief Technical Officer STEPLE analysis Political and Legal Factors: The government in any country plays an important role in the operation and manufacturing products and services in terms of regulations. Following are some of the factors that could cause Wateen brands to differ materially from the expected results. These are: * Due to the unpredictable political and governmental changes rules and regulation are changed quite frequently. Currently government has increased the taxes in the telecommunication sector that will also a harder in the smooth operation of Wateen stelecom operation. * Now a day’s Pakistani environment is instable due to political clashes among political parties. Inside country war and drown attacks bomb blasting in popular areas. These issues of political instability have led to unsure environment in the country, which is a threat for any business including Wateen telecom. Before WTO implementation for deregulation of different sectors of the economy, there are two types of Regulators held by PTA; the first is called the â€Å"Economy Wide Competition Regulator† as the Monopoly Control Authority. Also the political governmental rules can not be co mpletely applicable in this sector due to the regulation authority of PTA. * Unseen and unexpected people sue on the company and wateen has to face many legal conditions and hurdles * Environment of telecom is investor friendly and has great potential to gain profit because the trend towards internet is increasing day by day and still a big gap is there but The Government has increased the tax due to huge budget deficit and low growth of economy. * These kinds of threats are obstacles and have a great effect in the way of Wateen telecom. Economical and Environment Factors: * Economic conditions are influenced by political and government policy, being a major influence affecting these can affect the Wateen telecom strategies. These can affect how easy or how difficult Wateen telecom is to be successful and profitable in the economy. * Over all economic conditions of the country is not very sound . Due to mistrust and unsecure condition and problems like terrorism in Pakistan the foreign direct investment has been declined. * This is the threat for Wateen telecom because not new investments in being carried out in this environment. * Due to inflation the cost of doing business is also gone higher. Inflation remains the biggest threat to the economy, jumping to 7. 9% in 2006 to 23. 3% in first quartile of 2009. This increasing ratio will hurt the buying power of the consumers that will overall reduce the demand for the products. * Pakistan has a growing upper class with relatively high per capita incomes. In late 2006, the Central Board of Revenue estimated that there were almost 2. 8 million income-tax payers in the country with 45 % people are living on 2 $ per day. * Due to the increase in poverty level the unemployment rate is going up and that is reducing the buying power of the people that is threat for Wateen brand. Social Factors: The socio cultural environment summarizes demand and tastes, which vary with fashion and disposable income, provide opportunities and threats for Wateen brand. * Due to an Islamic state people are very much strict in case of Islam if any thing against the Islam on either print or electronic media they treated as against Pakistan. People dislik e anything extra-ordinary which damage their culture. * Pakistani people are more social and want to remain in contact with their relatives who are working out of country through internet and calls. They celebrate lot of festivals like Jashn-e-Baharan, Eid Celebrations and other cultural festivals. On these festivals they make calls to relative and who are in the country and out of Pakistan through calls and remain in contact through internet. This will influence the demand for the Wateen product * Increasing globalization has improved the influence of â€Å"Western culture† in Pakistan. The life style of Pakistani people is changing quickly. People are more conscious about their studies and society is moving towards education which is big room of expansion for the Wateen telecom. Technological Factors: Advances in technology can have a major impact on business success. Technological change impacts socio cultural attitudes as well as on economy. * The Companies with technology can compete and they are investing in their infrastructure to not only expand coverage but also to upgrade their existing systems. The current focus in cellular industry is coverage and establishing franchises which has a positive effect on the Wateen brand. * Technology is changing much faster than wateen’s technology change. wateen is using HFC (hybrid fiber coaxial) technology which goes obsolete and wateen had to introduce G-Pon (gi gabit pon) technology. Ecological: During bad weather condition Wireless goes bad because its signals became low. Similarly recent flood in Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhah had destroyed a lot of fiber which creates loss to wateen and whole telecom sector. PORTER FIVE FORCES Porters model is based on the insight that a corporate strategy should meet the opportunities and threats in the organizations external environment. Especially, competitive strategy should base on and understanding of industry structures and the way they change. Threat of New Entry: It is not easy to enter in this capital intensive sector of the Telecommunication industry. So, the threat of new entrants is low. Though the growth and potential of the sector look very attractive, still it is very difficult to take risk for a new investor because the penetration in the market would be very difficult. †¢ As government of Pakistan is showing liberalism in case of telecommunication sector and opened its policies to award new licensees to new mobile service providers so threat of new entry is high. As set-up cost is in billions of dollars so in this case threat of new entry is low, but there are companies who are working to achieve licenses and approaching PTA to know terms and conditions for this. †¢ As for this business companies need a well established distributions and franchises network so threat of new entrant is high in this case. Bargaining Power of Buyers: The bargaining power of customers in this case is very high because of the low switching cost in the industry. There are attractive substitutes available to the buyer even in the form of keeping the same cell phone number but changing the service provider. It makes very difficult for the market players to retain their customers. I think the brand loyalty can only be created through superior marketing campaigns and service. †¢ Power of buyer is high in telecommunication sector. There are six market players and players are offering different packages at different prices and a situation of price war is running. Buyers have a power to buy any package which is suited to them. †¢ Cost of switching from one company package to other company package is low. Hence, power of buyers is high. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: This is a type of industry where, at least in present times, the bargaining power of suppliers is at the low level because of the nature of inputs for the business. Moreover, with the deregulated and friendly environment given by the government of Pakistan, the industry has become more competitive and quality services driven. †¢ The power of suppliers is low in case of telecommunication sector. But the fact is that numbers of suppliers are few in the market but they are competing in the market to make agreements with mobile service providers. Threat of Substitute Products: Although the cell phone subscribers are more than 95 million perform ance trade off are the most important to consider in determining the threat of substitutes. Actually, just the subscription of cell phone service is not enough for a company to get optimal profits but the real challenges is that how many existing customers are using the service regularly for incoming as well as outgoing calls. The quality of service is the parameter. Government also gave so many land lines and wireless local loop licenses to different companies like PTCL wireless local loop, GO CDMA etc. hese services in future will be like mobile phone services like they are planning to offer services a lot but currently they are offering SMS and CLI services to their customers. Rivalry among Competing Firms in Industry: When the competition is fierce, obviously the competitive rivalry will be at the highest level. The very high level of competitive rivalry among the major players of the cell phone sector is clearly observable. Just look at the advertisement campaigns of the rivals and you can see how intense the competition is. It looks like a battle for supremacy going on between the rivals. All means of attracting new and potential switching customers are being used by all the competitors to gain as much market share as they can. Exit barriers, industry growth, product differences, brand identity, and diversity of rivals are the main reasons of very high competitive rivalry in this case. Currently there are six market players but in future they will be eight and nine or even more. EXTERNAL FACTORS Opportunities: * Remote access: The biggest opportunity in Pakistani market is that there are certain areas where the services of competitors (cable operators) can not reach due to the topography of the terrain. In those areas there are sufficient people who need the services the company plans to offer. So, there are sufficient unmet needs in the market which can be catered through the service. Inflexible existing services: In some areas the existing cable providers are not offering sufficient channels to satisfy the customer. The DTH service is promising as it would provide exactly what customer needs. * Growth in the market: The market for entertainment is growing with the growth of middle income segment in Pakist an. These customers are increasingly demanding better services as far as entertainment is concerned. * People’s trend * Cheap labor * Corporate clients are big opportunity for Wateen telecom. * Targeting youngsters by improving gaming and webpage. We have got guarantees from the Govt. that we wont be getting any competition that is why Wateen is going in these areas to expand its range Threats: Legislative environment: The independence of media is under scrutiny from the government. It is difficult to predict if there might be any legislation regarding DTH which could hamper the full advantages of the service. PEMRA might impose bans on channels as it did to cable. So, negative legislative developments remain a threat to the success of the service. * Downturn in economy: The down turn in Pakistani economy might have impact on disposable income of the population which might not be inclined to spend much on the entertainment activities. General well being of economy always has favorable impact on all the businesses and the DTH service would not be an exception. Little potential differentiation: It is expected that other competitors would enter the market. It might start price war between Wateen Telecom and potential competitors. In that case there would be very less differentiation Wateen would be able to offer given the nature of the service. * Increased bargaining power of suppliers: The Company would need vital alliances with suppliers and other partners. They might be suppliers of the competitors. Suppliers’ bargaining power might increase in that case making input costs high and leaving the company in difficult position. * Uncertain demand: It is very difficult to estimate the exact demand for the service. There might be variation which could result in losses for the company. Employee retention: The company might lose its key personnel to other competitors once they enter the market for DTH. So, retention of good staff would remain a challenge and losing it would always present a threat. * ? Short product life cycle: The Company would have to continually innovate given the nature of the industry. Fast pace of technological developments might render the service obsolete in few years and it might be replaced by more advanced technology. * Terrorism: The biggest threat that Wateen has ever faced so far is actually terrorism. Terrorism not just only affects the common man but the corporate as well. Wateen is facing the same situation; it is getting more and more difficult to convince them about the safety of the business. Political instability: is still in the top 10 list. Long marches, curfew, processions, and the never ending game of Music Chair are still a threat to Wateen. Political instability leads to the crash of the stock exchange, where stockholders think that time has come to withdraw. Not to mention rumors of bankruptcy can easily make the company from a millionaire to a zero. Wateen has to make sure where it is p lacing its foot so as to at least survive in the chaotic situations. But Wateen is not going to let these things get in their way of progress. Their aim is to make Pakistan the most progressed in the field of internet. * Advance change in technology is also a threat for them. EXTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION MATRIX: Analysis utilizing an External Factor Evaluation Matrix can be very helpful in determining the severity of threats and opportunities to Wateen Telecom. By assigning weights to each threat and opportunity, one can calculate an overall rating that signifies where the firm stands in the industry relative to the factors analyzed. An EFE Matrix for Wateen Telecom follows Sr. #| Key External Factors| Weight| Rating| Weighted Score| | OPPORTUNITIES| | | | 1| Remote access| 0. 13| 3| 0. 39| 2| Focus on corporate clientage| 0. 10| 4| 0. 40| 3| Targeting youngsters| 0. 08| 3| 0. 24| 4| Expand its ranges | 0. 08| 4| 0. 32| 5| Cheap labor| 0. 04| 3| 0. 12| | Infrastructuredevelopment| 0. 06| 2| 0. 12| | THREATS | | | | 1| Short product Lifecycle| 0. 09| 2| 0. 18| 2| Downturn in economy| 0. 11| 3| 0. 33| 3| Terrorism| 0. 12| 2| 0. 24| 4| Advance change in technology| 0. 08| 1| 0. 08| 5| Uncertain demand| 0. 04| 2| 0. 08| 6| Employee retention| 0. 07| 2| 0. 14| | TOTAL| 1| | 2. 64| Strengths: Related Business: Wateen Telecom is already into telecom business and has developed managerial and technical capabilities. Geographic presence: The Company is geographically present in wide areas. It has already a diverse customer base in various areas. There is no such competitor who has such a wide ranging presence in the country. Innovation: The Wimax is an innovative addition to the service as far as Pakistani market is concerned. It is in line with the policy of the company to tap the markets where consumers’ needs are not being addressed. 4 G technology: wateen is first company of Pakistan having a 4 G technology. Extensive distribution channels: Wateen has extensive distribution channels for the distribution of its new service. Market oriented: Company’s comparative advantage lies in already accumulated knowledge, experience and data in the field. Financial muscle: Wateen has sufficient resources to invest in the new project. Weakn esses: Nepotism: nepotism and favoritism is the weakness of wateen Unskilled workforce: Specialized training is required for workforce and management to cope with new challenges emerging from the introduction of the new service. No existing alliances: The company is making alliances with certain new suppliers for the equipment etc. which, at present it does not have. Cannibalization: The Company has also launched cable service for some areas. Due to launch of DTH these services are cannibalize each other. High turnover rates: The Company has not been able to retain good employees for long term. It would also hamper the ability of the company to handle the launch of new service successfully if the turnover is high. Internal Factor evolution Matrix (IFE Matrix) The Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix works similarly to the EFE Matrix. The IFE Matrix measures the internal strengths and weaknesses of Wateen Telecom, again by assigning numerical ratings to each factor. | Strengths| Weight | Rating| Score| 1| Related business| 0. 1| 4| 0. 4| 2| Geographic presence| 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| 3| Innovations| 0. 13| 4| 0. 52| 4| 4 G technology| 0. 09| 3| 0. 27| 5| Extensive distribution channel| 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| 6| Market oriented| 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| 7| Financial muscle| 0. 07| 3| 0. 21| | Weaknesses|   |   |   | 1| Nepotism | 0. 12| 1| 0. 12| 2| Unskilled work force| 0. 07| 2| 0. 14| 3| No existing alliances| 0. 08| 2| 0. 16| 4| Cannibalization| 0. 08| 2| 0. 16| 5| High turnover rates| 0. 1| 1| 0. 1| | Total:| 1|   | 2. 56| Explanation of IFE: In the IFE Matrix, the strengths are relative to the internal environment of the firm, whereas the weaknesses are a reflection on how the firm interacts with the external environment. the internal factor evolution matrix of Waeteen is indicating the weighted Score of 2. 55 which is indicating that company have internally strong position because 2. 5 score will indicate that company have internally average position but Wateen has more than 2. 5. Wateen Telecom C. P. M- Competitor Profile Matrix No. | Core competencies| Industry weight age| Wateen telecom| PTCL| World call| | | | Rating| Total| Rating| Total| Rating| Total| | Innovations| 0. 20| 3| . 60| 3| . 60| 3| . 60| | Related business| 0. 1| 4| . 4| 4| . 4| 3| . 3| | Technology| 0. 15| 3| . 45| 3| . 45| 3| . 45| | Financial muscle| 0. 07| 3| . 21| 4| . 28| 4| . 28| Extensive distribution channel| 0. 08| 3| . 24| 4| . 32| 3| . 24| | Remote access| 0. 13| 1| . 13| 3| . 39| 2| . 26| | Focus on corporate clientage| 0. 10| 3| . 30| 2| . 20| 1| . 1| | Targeting youngsters| 0. 09| 2| . 18| 2| . 18| 1| . 09| | Expand its ranges | 0. 08| 2| . 16| 2| . 16| 1| . 08| | Total| 1| | 2. 67| | 2. 98| | 2. 40| Explanation: We can interpret from competitive profile matrix that PTCL is working much better in competition and WATEEN and PTCL both are above average while world call is below average in competition. | Strength 1. Related Business 2. Geographic presence 3. Innovation 4. Financial muscle 5. Extensive distribution channels 6. Market oriented 7. 4 G technology| Weaknesses: 8. Nepotism 9. Unskilled workforce 10. No existing alliances 11. High turnover rates 12. Cannibalization| Opportunities: 13. Remote access 14. Inflexible existing services 15. Growth in the market 16. People’s trend 17. Cheap labor 18. Corporate clients 19. Targeting youngsters | S. O strategies 1. Expand their market in remote areas (S4, O1). 2. Increase their market share in related business through distribution (S1,S5,O3)| W. O strategies 3. Through alliance they can cater more corporate clients and provide satisfactory services to consumer(W3,O6 and O2) 4. | Threats: 1. Legislative environment 2. Downturn in economy 3. Little potential differentiation 4. Increased bargaining power of suppliers 5. Uncertain demand 6. Employee retention 7. Short product life cycle 8. Terrorism 9. Political instability 10. Advance change in technology | S. T strategies 1. Create more differentiation through innovation and technology (S3,S7,T3)| W. T strategies 2. Through improving workforce they can enhance their differentiation(W2,T3) 3. Better working conditions can enhance employee retention(W4,T6) | Axis X| Internal Strength Position| External Strength Position| | Competitive Advantage| Industry strength| Market ShareCustomer LoyaltyTechnological know-howControl over supplier| (Worst -6, Best -1)-2-3-3-3| Technological know-howResources utilizationEase of entryCapacity utilization| (Worst +6, Best +1)+4+3+4+3| | Average Score = -2. 75| Average Score = +3. 5| | Total X-Axis Score = 0. 75| Axis y| Financial Strength| Environment Strength| | ROILeverageLiquidityCash F lowWorking capital| (Best +6, Worst +1)+1+2+1+1+1| InflationTechnologyBarrier to entryRisk involve in business| (Worst -6, Best -1)-4-2-2-4| | Average Score = +1. 2| Average Score = -3| | Total Y-Axis Score = -1. 8| The Space Matrix Competitive (0. 75,-1. 8): Conservative Aggressive Defensive Competitive -1. 8 +6. 00 -6. 00 -6. 00 +6. 00 0. 75 Explanation: Wateen telecom lies in competitive quadrant of SPACE matrix so the recommended strategies are following: * Backward, forward, horizontal integration * Market penetration, market development, product development and joint venture BCG MATRIX FOR WATEEN STAR Wiamax High frequency cable (HFC) Optic fiber cable Hosted data centre (HDC), Hosted contact centre (HCC) Industry Growth Relative Market Share Explanation: This is a strategy tool that guides resource allocation decision on the basis of market share and growth rate of SBUs. The B. C. G matrix divides organizations into four different categories. These are as follows: Cash Cows: Which have high market share but low opportunity for growth like optic fiber cable have been classified as Cash cow because it does have a high market share. Stars: Which have high market share and high opportunity for growth based on the above, i-max has been classified as Star product because it has a high market share which is 4 percent each and industry is charged with high growth. Question marks: Which have high opportunity for growth and low market share like high frequency cable are Question Marks because they have a very low market share although an attractive industry. Dogs: Which have low market share and low opportunity for growth, In the case of Wateen‘s hosted data centre and contact data centre have low market share and growth is stagnant in the industry as well. INTERNAL EXTERNAL MATRIX | Internal Factors Evaluation| External FactorEvaluation| | Strong(3. 0 to 4. 0)| Average(2. 0 to 2. 99)| Weak(1 to 1. 99)| | High (3. 0 to 4. 0)| | | | | Medium(2. 0 to 2. 9)| | Wateen Telecom | | | Low(1. 0 to 1. 99)| | | | IFE: 2. 64 EFE: 2. 56 Note: * The Quadrant 1,2 and 4 suggest the grow and build * The quadrant 7,5 and 3 hold a nd maintain * The Quadrant 6,8 and 9 suggest harvest or divest Wateen telecom lies in Quadrant 5 that means they should try to hold and maintain. The above I. E matrix is based upon the calculations made in both internal and external factor evaluation matrices, so the external factors are weighted as per the observations and perceptions and in hold and maintain quadrant there are two commonly employed strategies market penetration and product development. THE GRAND STRATEGY MATRIX The Grand Strategy Matrix is one the techniques for developing a comprehensive strategy formulation framework for the organization. The grand strategy matrix based on the analysis of external factors evaluation affecting the organization is presented as follows; In case of wateen telecom is: Rapid market growth Quadrant 2Quadrant 1 Quadrant 3Quadrant 4 Strong competitive position Weak competitive position Wateen Telecom Slow market growth Company is in lying in the fourth quadrant because it has competitive position in the relatively slow growth market. So the preferred strategies for the Wateen would be related diversification, unrelated diversification and joint ventures. Quadrant I Firms or divisions located in this quadrant are in excellent strategic position and can afford to take advantage of external opportunities in several areas and can do it aggressively. Firms here in rapid growth industry and have strong competitive position. The appropriate strategies for the firms in this quadrant are; i. Market Development ii. Market Penetration iii. Product Development iv. Forward Integration v. Backward Integration vi. Horizontal Integration vii. Related Diversification Quadrant II Firms or divisions positioned in this quadrant need to evaluate their present approach to marketplace seriously. The appropriate strategies for firms in this quadrant are; i. Market Development ii. Market Penetration iii. Product Development iv. Horizontal Integration v. Divestiture vi. Liquidation Quadrant III The firms or divisions in this quadrant compete in slow growth industries and have weak competitive positions. The appropriate strategies for the firms are; i. Retrenchment ii. Related Diversification iii. Unrelated Diversification iv. Divestiture v. Liquidation Quadrant IV Firms or divisions in this quadrant have a strong competitive position but are in a slow growth industry. The appropriate strategies for the firms are; i. Related Diversification ii. Unrelated Diversification iii. Joint Ventures Wateen telecom lies in quadrant four so here it appropriate strategies for wateen are related diversification, unrelated diversification and joint venture. QUANTITATIVE STRATEGIC PLANNING MATRIX No. Key factors| weight | Market Penetration| Joint venture| | | OPPORTUNITIES| | AS| ATS| AS| ATS| | | | Remote access| 0. 13| 2| 0. 26| 3| 0. 39| | | 1. | Focus on corporate clientage| 0. 10| 2| 0. 20| 3| 0. 30| | | 2. | Targeting youngsters| 0. 08| -| -| -| -| | | 3. | Expand its ranges | 0. 08| 2| 0. 16| 3| 0. 24| | | 4. | Cheap labor| 0. 04| 4| 0. 08| 3| 0. 12| | | 5. | InfrastructureDevelopment| 0. 06| 2| 0. 12| 4| 0. 24| | | 6. | THREAT | | | | | | | | | Short product Lifecycle| 0. 09| 2| 0. 18| 3| 0. 27| | | | Downturn in economy| 0. 11| -| -| -| -| | | | Terrorism| 0. 12| -| -| -| -| | | | Advance change in technology| 0. 08| 2| 0. 16| 3| 0. 24| | | | Uncertain demand| 0. 4| -| -| -| -| | | | Employee retention| 0. 07| 3| 0. 21| 3| 0. 21| | | | TOTAL| 1| | | | | | | | STRENGTHS| | | | | | | | | Related business| 0. 1| 4| 0. 4| 3| 0. 3| | | | Geographic presence| 0. 05| -| -| -| -| | | | Innovations| 0. 13| 2| 0. 26| 3| 0. 39| | | | 4 G technology| 0. 09| -| -| -| -| | | | Extensive distribution channel| 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| 3| 0. 18| | | | Market oriented| 0. 05| -| -| -| -| | | | Financial muscle| 0. 07| 2| 0. 14| 3| 0. 21| | | | WEAKNESSES| | | | | | | | | Nepotism | 0. 12| 2| 0. 24| 2| 0. 24| | | | Unskilled work force| 0. 07| 2| 0. 14| 3| 0. 21| | | | No existing all iances| 0. 08| -| -| -| -| | | | Cannibalization| 0. 8| -| -| -| -| | | | High turnover rates| 0. 1| 2| 0. 2| 3| 0. 3| | | | Total:| 1| | 2. 93| | 3. 84| | | Explanation: We have compared the joint venture and market penetration strategy on the biases of weight and rating given to each key component. So joint venture has got more score than the market penetration so we suggest the Wateen telecom should follow the joint venture strategy. Key success factors: Following are the key seccess factors any organization must posses in order to succeed in the industry: * Expertise and proficiency in related technology * Appropriate research and development * 2nd largest provider of wireless technology Largest WiMAX provider worldwide. * Using latest technology in their departments. (Oracle 10g, R12, 11i, and HRLS) * Their motivated man power * Highly friendly environment * Reputation in fair dealing ‘B to B’ * Highest market share in Wi-max Corporate culture: At Wateen they have a unique environment to work for since it houses a diversity of skills, backgrounds, viewpoints and experiences from around the world. It is ensured that hiring is based on merit, skill and ability, without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, ancestry, age, physical or mental disability, military or veteran status, marital status, or any other classification. Wateen Telecom is building and integrating the next generation of intelligent, converged networks with a plethora of key services and differentiators in the market. The primal objective is to become a carrier’s carrier and provide turnkey solutions for all customer requirements and specifications. At Wateen Telecom we are seeking innovative and intelligent people to help us design, market, sell and support our innovative ; intelligent product portfolio to a diversified evolving market. We strive to hire only the best, create an exhilarating work environment and above all else, respect each individual's unique contributions. An organizational culture has following elements * Organization environment: * Organization values: Organizational rites rituals, and customs: Organizational values: Here are a few programs that demonstrate Wateen efforts to translate customer needs into better service and Wateen commitment to making a long-term positive impact on the countries we operate i n: Working towards diversity: Diversity is key to our working environment. We employ people from a variety of backgrounds, with a wide variety of skills and training. Ethnicity/nationality: Diversity at Wateen must reflect the multi-cultural capacity of the societies in which the Wateen Group operates Gender: We believe that encouraging an appropriate work-life balance is key to ensure that both men and women excel at Wateen Developing our people: Wateen offers extensive opportunities for learning. In addition to on-the-job training and transfers between different locations we offer a wide selection of external courses, e-learning programs and leadership training programs. Organization rites, rituals, and customs: Loyalty, impartiality and conflict of interests Wateen respects the individual employee's right to a private life and private interests, but demands openness and loyalty to the group and the group's interests. You shall not take actions or have interests that make it difficult to perform your work objectively and effectively. Service to Wateen should never be subordinated to personal gain and advantage. Conflicts of interest should, wherever possible, be avoided. You shall never take part in or attempt to influence a decision or settlement if there is a conflict of interest or other circumstances exist, which could give grounds to question one's impartiality. Confidentiality Every employee in the group has a duty of confidentiality by law and written agreement. You shall keep confidential all corporate and other matters that could provide third parties unauthorized access to confidential information, and exercise caution when discussing internal affairs so as to avoid being overheard by unauthorized persons. Equal treatment: Wateen strictly adheres to the principle relating to equal treatment of shareholders Organizational change and stress management: World is watching fast technological changes and there is a rapid change in designs and technologies in products. So it is very important to move with latest technologies which increase the cost of production. So Wateen always come up with the change and for this purpose they always train there people for the change to reduce stress. Work stress and its management : We always train them to be stresses free. Because stress results in decreased job satisfaction, reduced production, and increased conflicts. STRATEGIES UNDER TAKEN AT: * Corporate Level * Business Unit Level * Functional Level At corporate level: The main objective of the business is to earn high revenues and high financial growth. In order to achieve such an objective the firm applies competitive strategy. The firm relies heavily on the business side demand of the product Being not old company the Wateen telecom is following build and grow strategy at corporate level At business unit level: On the business unit level Wateen is applying the diversififaction strategy’ so that it can enhance its product portfolio. In recent times it is evident since it launched its new product like broadband and wi. max. The corporate level strategy acts as a guideline for business unit level strategies at Wateen as corporate strategy is to grow and develop the high growth financially, so based upon which business unit level strategy pursues the same through diversification of products. Which at the end ensures many products to be ‘order qualifiers’ and most of them are sliding towards ‘order winners’. Functional level strategies: Functional level strategies are basically based upon ‘SCMC’ which stands for ‘sales channel and marketing control’. The main responsibility of this department is to coordinate all the marketing activities and sales channel to ensure maximum efficiency in the operation of the distribution channel. MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Decentralization: In Wateen they don’t treat their employees as someone who works for them, actually they all are treated as family members. Every manager is empowered to make any decision and is responsible and is an owner of each and everything that is happening underneath them. Once that happens then you have the liberty to make any kinds of decision what ever they want. At the end of the day the organizations require just one thing; that the employee somehow convinces the top management by giving them their plan. The plan has to be based on some data and that data is what makes forecasting for your entire department. Once that plan is approved second step is the implementation of that plan. The employee needs to implement it and Wateen needs to come up with results. In Wateen all the managers are given the opportunity, through this they get the chance of learning because of the horizontal hierarchy. The employee interacts with all the departments and there is a great learning experience. End result is this, good or bad, the employees are the personally responsible for the results. Wateen doesn’t believe in micro management. The employee discusses the matter with assistant manager and then he talks about the matter with the segment managers. Abu Dhabi group Relations with ministry of IT( top of all the regulatory authorities) Relations and liaison with all security agencies in Pakistan. Mr. Faisal is also looking after the relations with all the telecom operators in Pakistan. His relationship, my business development, my company’s future planning and forecast (long term and short term) it is him who is looking after these departments. He has a manager for Govt. relations, PTA, PAMRA, and Ministry of IT and couples others. Further more they have 3 to 4 persistent managers in their teams. These assistant managers then have senior executives then they have executives then they have junior officers. So it’s a whole work force which is supporting a manger that is looking after the entire department. So all the matters are discussed with head of that department/segment and they can come with any kind of criticism being a 360 degree kind of interaction. Once they have decided something next thing is this that the managers give them a time line e. g. if there will be weekly, monthly or quarterly reports, they all must be 100%. In between them there is no relation between a manager and an employee. Telecom industry is a very close knit industry; the managers after the meeting leave the matters to the employees, of course if there is a problem they are ready to help each other. Management Information System Support system: Support consists of Maintenance and Monitoring services. Maintenance services include traditional break-fix support such as troubleshooting and incident restoration within agreed upon service levels. Clients benefit through a reduction in cost and risk of IT support. These benefits are achieved through Wateen Telecom‘s depth of skills, adoption of best practices and economies of scale. Incident Management: is the process of controlling reported issues through to completion to achieve service continuity. When an issue is reported Wateen Telecom will do what ever it takes to restore the network as rapidly as possible. Reactive Problem Management is the process of analyzing the technology environment to establish what caused the incident. We provide diagnostics and resolution recommendations as well as managed vendor access. Moves, Ads, Changes and Deletions: supports asset moves within client environments. Clients control the change process through owning risk management and scoping. Monitoring services form the foundation of complex managed services and should be purchased in addition to break-fix maintenance. To monitor technological environments in-house clients need to invest in costly systems and resources. Outsourcing this support function is often a financially viable alternative. Event Management: Is the proactive monitoring of devices and applications to assure exceptional quality of service through network health and security. Performance Reporting: is available to clients through the online portal. Clients have access to a wide range of automated reports relating to the history, trends, health, usage and exceptions of all monitored devices. Configuration Item Tracking: is the monitoring of client technology assets in order to provide visibility of details and locations of the supported estate. Clients are notified of changes in the environment on priority basis, Improve system: The Improve function focuses on ensuring that client IT strategy, architecture and systems Evolve to support the business strategy. A thorough understanding of the required systems is essential in order to deliver the business strategy successfully. We assist clients in aligning IT investments with business objectives through Truly understanding: he client’s business vision, goals and strategy Assessing the capability: of the client’s existing infrastructure, systems and processes to support the business goals Preparing a technology roadmap: which shows a clear path to efficiently advance the client’s current systems to meet future business needs Wateen Telecom’s technology: and industry expertise enables clients to cost effectively invest in new or redeploy existing IT infrastructure in a timely way to support new business initiatives. The benefits are derived through: Business Awareness: is achieved through the analysis of client business strategy and direction, and an awareness of the need to accomplish the most effective use of technology to deliver the business strategy. Technology Strategy Reviews: are completed to assess the ability of the current Technology Strategy to support the achievement of the client’s business strategy and direction. Roadmap Management: is the periodic review of existing IT Architecture. The purpose is to evolve the roadmap to cost effectively progress the current IT Architecture over the medium to long term, to see to it that it is capable of supporting current and future business strategy. IT Performance Measurement: the assessment of the current level of performance of services provided by the IT department to internal and external clients. Service Efficiency Recommendations of the most appropriate course of action to improve current services are included. Manage: In the Manage function, Wateen Telecom provides a set of ITIL aligned service elements to improve the quality of service in client environments. These services focus on obtaining the optimal potential of the current infrastructure and are divided into two categories. Service Support is the day-to-day operation and support, whilst Service Delivery is the long term planning and improvement of technological environments. | Service Support system: Problem Management is the minimization of the impact of infrastructure errors. Clients have greater infrastructure availability as a result of pro-active resolution of root cause problems. Change Management is the control of infrastructure changes to minimize service disruption, limiting the impact of change results in optimal service delivery. To enhance and preserve stability and security of the client’s IT infrastructure, Wateen Telecom takes ownership of change recommendations, approvals, deployments and testing. Configuration Management is the control of all components of the IT infrastructureused in the delivery of services. Recommendation reporting enables clients to gain optimal business benefits from technology. Release Management is the administration of new software rollouts and hardware releases. Clients extract maximum benefit from infrastructure through the limitation of release related impact on system uptime. Service Delivery system: Availability Management: is the process of meeting and exceeding service availability goals. To achieve the set business requirements all devices have to be fully functional, to this effect Wateen Telecom executes additional proactive monitoring processes. Capacity Management is the optimization of technology resources within contracted service levels. The capacity of devices and systems are monitored against predefined thresholds and results analyzed to identify areas of concern. Third Party Management: is when we undertake to engage with partners and vendors to achieve contracted service levels. Clients have a single point of contact for all issues from start to finish. IT Service Continuity Management: includes disaster recovery processes that ensure Wateen Telecom achieves and exceeds contracted HR Policies in Wateen telecom Human Resource: HR is another important microeconomic factor affecting the research work. R ; D require proper HR personnel who have the ability to get the required information from the market. They should have the ability to deal with all sorts of public and situations in order to get their work done. Proper HR is the guarantee for good research work and it is the responsibility of HR department to design jobs and hire appropriate personnel’s. Competitive Pay: Wateen’s pay and benefits programs reflect how much the employees and their families are valued. These programs are among the most comprehensive and competitive in our industry. Wateen pay practices are designed to attract, motivate, retain and reward employees with competitive base pay complemented with short-term and long-term incentives. Wateen believes in compensating employees in a manner comparable to our competitors in the industry. Wateen also fosters a pay-for-performance culture that provides employees with opportunities to earn higher levels of compensation and receive rewards tied to company, team and individual performance. Comprehensive Employee Benefits Wateen makes a significant investment in employee benefits, an important part of each employee's total compensation. The benefits program is reviewed each year to ensure that the plans are cost effective and continue to provide competitive benefits meeting the needs of our employees and their families The bar is set competitively high. If you believe that you can make positive contribution in Wateen’s endeavors by adding value to your discipline or area of work, we look forward to hear from you and to welcome you into the Wateen Family. Packages for Employees: The wateen management is aware of the fact that only a satisfied worker can provide the required level of services to the customers. The branch firmly believes that a highly motivated and well-trained workforce is the key factor to success. So, staff salaries have been increased. Managing emotion at work: Emotions at work are very hard to handle and in order to manage emotions of the employee working at wateen there are always different programs that are conducted to settle the emotions and control the emotional atmosphere in the organization. With a lot of training they develop the ability that employees can understand and manage their emotions and we help them to reduce stress, enabling them to take better decisions and to be confident. Employee’s motivation: Employees are the real asset of the organization so if they are motivated then off course they will work in a better way. At wateen we motivate our employees in many ways. * We provide very friendly and cooperative environment. * Soft skills training (Daily) * Games and different recreational activities * Foreign tours (top level managers) * Annual leave (Leave with pay) * Ramzan parties * Weekly Lunch of each department * Incentives,Bonus and promotion * Top Performer award (quarterly) * Appriciation Team management: At Wateen team management is very important because every department of the organization works in team there are small groups as well as large groups. * Small groups. 2-10 * Large groups. 20-100 * These large groups are compromised of different skillful people, who come together to work on a specific target set for them. * Every group is lead by a professional. * The head of the group is selected by the Leader of that department respectfully. * All the members work together and hard to achieve the goal. 1) Job Analysis a) Job description b) Job specification 2) Compensation a) Salary structure b) Benefits/ incentives c) Holidays / vacations, paid leaves 3- Job adds 1) Job Analysis Wateen Telecom does job analysis in case of: a) Starts new projects b) On job leaving Some examples of Job description and Specification in wateen telecom. Job Title: Assistant Manager Quality Assurance Job description: †¢Leading a team of executives responsible for the quality of the contact center operations. †¢Evaluating team’s performance on Daily/Weekly/Monthly basis. †¢Ensuring that proper procedures of feedback are being followed Job Specification: †¢He is Masters Degree holder. 2 years experience in Contact Center Operations. †¢He has excellent communication, presentation and negotiation skill. †¢Multi-task, maintain a high standard of service & quality. He has ability to stress, time management Department: CEO Office Job Title: CEO Office Manager: Job Description: †¢Supervise CEO Office staff in their tasks. Direct & Coordinate operations of the CEO Office. †¢Direct & encourage team members to achieve their goals. Job Specificat ion: †¢He is Bachelor degree in marketing He has ability to maintains organizational culture (telecom environment) Compensation: â€Å"Compensation is the process of giving the reward to the labors against getting services from them† Competitive Pay: Wateen’s pay and benefits programs reflect how many the employees and their families are valued Salary Structure: Job Position: Top Level Exceptional Cases) Net Salary: Up to Rupees. 800,000/- Per Month& Normally Rupees(450,000-500,000) Per Month Job Position: Middle Level Net Salary: Normally Rupees (30,000-100,000) Per Month. †¢ Job Position: First Line Level Minimum Salary: Rupees. 18,000/-Per Month Benefits / Incentives †¢Pick and drop services †¢Mobile allowance †¢Medical facility †¢10% of gross salary †¢Car facility †¢1 extra salary †¢Bonuses †¢Gifts †¢Cinema tickets †¢Swimming pool facility †¢Mess at Freddie's †¢Gloria Jeans Holidays, Vacations In Wateen Telecom the procedures of holidays, vacations ; paid leaves are the following: †¢20 Annual Paid Leaves †¢10 Medical Laves †¢10 Casual Leave Training types Wateen Telecom is providing five types of training to their employees to enhance their performance. These are: a- Job Orientation b- Positive attitude c- Soft skills d- Technical training (daily basis) Methods of Training: There are many methods for giving the training are adopted by the Wateen Telecom. These are explained under following. a- On the job training b- Job Rotation c- Computer Based Training d- Audio visuals based training e- Internet base training f- Management games Developments for Staff: †¢Promotions ; Transfers †¢Environment and Culture New Developments in Wateen Telecom for its employees: Free internet (4 MB link) Free gamming at Silver Star MARKET ANALYSIS As far as the marketing department of Wateen is concerned they are providing following facilities to its customers Target Market: The target customers of Wateen are * home users, * business users * carriers ; operators However their main revenue comes from business users because due to their high costs home users do not prefer it so they are targeting business users more than the others by providing advanced technology that is necessary for business sector. Wateen has launched its broadband connection for all and sundry. Of course benefits, services, prices and equipments differ for the home user and the corporate sector. The increase in usage of Wateen broadband connection was seen by the corporate sector because of Wateen fast speed, efficiency and negligible disconnections. Corporate sector are always on the run and unexpected timings or a new competitor makes the internet even more important because information has to be sent or received at the last minute. And Wateen offers the best quality service any business man can use. Of course internet users at home are treated with equal importance. Student packages have been developed to help the students who have lots of assignments, projects and research in their hands. At what stage in the product life cycle is the market: Now Wateen is on growth stage in the market because in 2007 they have started their services in Pakistan. Geographically: Starting late January, Wateens’ WiMAX based products and services will enter into the commercial launch phase, thereby offering our products ; services in the following 22 cities spanning the major urban chunk of Pakistan’s demography. :Karachi Quetta Lahore Gujarat Faisalabad Sahiwal Peshawar Bahawalpur Multan Abbottabad Hyderabad Sukkur Gujranwala D IKhan Islamabad R Y Khan Rawalpindi Jehlum Sialkot OkaraS argodha Sheikhupura Market trends: Due to limited sources of entertainment, television is probably the biggest source of entertainment for Pakistanis. A growing number of private TV channels and cable TV, providing access to more than 100 channels, has kept consumers watching. Indian and Pakistani soap operas are the most watched programs. People usually prefer to relax in their leisure time by watching television with their families. Watching movies is an alternative to cable TV. Indian and English movies are preferred over low-budget Pakistani movies. Nowadays, VCRs are becoming obsolete, while DVD players and large plasma screens are in fashion, adding to the craze for watching movies. Evening is the prime time, that’s when people get back from their work and switch on the TV to relax. The prime time for TV is from 8pm till midnight. Board and card games, once a major source of home entertainment, have been replaced by computers. Now youngsters prefer to play games on their computer or Sony PlayStation, or perhaps play chess or pool online with other online gamers. Internet chatting is also quite popular amongst youngsters, and is an activity carried out in the evening and at late night. Listening to music is a growing hobby amongst the young generation. New pop bands have flared up the passion for music. Conversely, the habit of reading is not so popular. Fashion magazines are preferred over novels and digests. 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